stains in Microbiology

1. Gram stain : peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall
2. ZN stain : mycolic acid in mycobacterial cell wall
3. kinyoun : cold acid fast staining with higher concentration of phenol and surface active agent turgitol
4. auramine O : fluroscent stain for M.Tb
5. schaeffer fulton : using malachite green for bacterial endospore
6. albert /ponder/neisser/pugh : metachromatic granules of C.diphtheriae
7. india ink/nigrosin : capsules
8. silver impregnation/leifson : flagella
9. methylene blue with anticapsular sera : quellung reaction in pneumococci
10. giemsa : intracellular pathogens like elementary bodies of chlamydiae and Rickettsia
11. fontana : treponemes
12. levaditi : treponemes in tissue sections 
13. Diene's :Mycoplasma
14. Macchiavello : Rickettsia
15. Warthin starry / Dieterle : Spirochetes